World Chess Championship 2018 - Game 6: Carlsen–Caruana, ½–½ To avoid this line, today Black often tries to reach the Hanham by different move orders, such as 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 Nf6 4.Nc3 Nbd7, 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 e5 4.Nf3 Nbd7, or 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 Nbd7 4.Nf3 e5. Larry Kaufman writes that it is a "strategically rich variation" but is out of favor today because 4.Bc4! is awkward for Black, when 4.Ngf6? loses to 5.Ng5, 4.Be7? loses a pawn to 5.dxe5 Nxe5 (5.dxe5? 6.Qd5! wins) 6.Nxe5 dxe5 7.Qh5!, and 4.c6 (best) allows 5.0-0 Be7 6.dxe5 dxe5 (6.Nxe5? 7.Nxe5 dxe5 8.Qh5 wins a pawn) 6.Ng5! Bxg5 7.Qh5 Qe7 8.Qxg5, when White's bishop pair gives him a substantial advantage. David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld note in The Oxford Companion to Chess that this line, which became a favorite of the great player and theoretician Aron Nimzowitsch, allows Black to maintain a defensive center and has become one of the main lines of Philidor's Defense.
Hanham's name is best remembered today for the Hanham Variation of Philidor's Defense (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 Nd7). In the event, Adams did not take advantage of White's mistake, and continued with 46.Nc6? (46.Ne6 was a much better try). Following 41.Rb1 g5 42.b6 axb6 43.axb6 gxf4 44.gxf4 Bd5 45.Bd3, a similar thing happened when Adams blundered with 45.Rf8? This pins the f4 pawn to the king and so seems to leave the e5 knight undefended, and it was probably for this reason that Kasimdzhanov played 46.Ke3? However, he could have won immediately with 46.Rxc5! when 46.Rxe5 does not work because of 47.Rc7+ when Black must either break the pin with 47.Kf6 or 47.Rf7 48.Rxf7 Kxf7 thus allowing fxe5 or else be mated with 47.Kg8 48.Rg1+ Kh8 49.Rxh7# or 47.Kh8 48.Rxh7+ Kg8 49.Rg1+ Rg5 50.Rxg5#. Both players blundered on the last move of the time control (after which they each got an extra 15 minutes): in the position shown, Kasimdzhanov played 40.Kf2? which Adams should have answered with 40.Nxb5! which is at least equal instead, he returned the favour with 40.Rc8?, and White was still significantly better.
His knight ended up somewhat out of the game on a5, and his e5 square was weak, allowing Kasimdzhanov to plant a knight there and obtain a significant positional advantage. In game two, Adams played the Petroff Defence. FIDE World Chess Championship 2004 - Game two (Kasimdzhanov white)
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